Genomic Selection 101

Genomic selection has revolutionized animal breeding worldwide because it allows breeders to make accurate selection decisions at a much earlier age, even before the actual performance of the animal or its offspring can be been measured.

Genetic change is driven by four factors

Accuracy of selection = Precision with which genetic merit is estimated
Genomic evaluations are considerably more reliable than Parent Average

Selection Intensity = Level of superiority of parents of the next generation
More males and females can be screened efficiently through genotyping to identify elite animals

Genetic Variation = Relative differences among animal as controlled by genetic factors

Generation Interval = Average age of parents when their offspring are born
Genomic-tested young sires are available for A.I. at 1 year of age vs. 4 to 5 for progeny-tested bulls

Genomic Benefits

Genomic testing and selection provides these benefits for dairy producers worldwide.

Increased genetic gain within herd and across the population

Able to predict genetic merit at early age

More accurate (reliable) prediction of animals’ genetic merit

Access to more A.I. sires of higher genetic levels

Improved level of herd replacements through selection of superior females

Reduced rearing costs through culling of genetically inferior calves

Identification of genetic conditions and control of genetic disorders

Verification of parentage